There are multiple definitions:

1. artificial silicon retina(English)

   • Ophthalmology, Materials science

2. adaptive speckle reduction(English)

   • SAR, SNR, VNN
   • Ultrasound, Filtering (of signals)
   • https://doi.org…ras.2010.07.003

3. automatic/acoustic speech recognition(English)

   • MES, MFCC, CER, COTS, DoS, PVA, VA, AI, API, GPU, LLM, LPU, TTS, WER
   • Audiology, Speaking / language [incl. disorders], Communication, Artificial intelligence
   • https://doi.org…BME.2008.921094
   • https://doi.org…OC.2022.3153167
   • https://groq.com/about-us/

4. acoustic startle response(English)

   • EE, PPI
   • Experimental animal, Memory
   • https://doi.org…nce.2008.11.035

5. adult sex ratio(English)

   • a central concept in population biology and a key factor in sexual selection
   • Gender aspects, Ratio-based metric, Biology, Sexuality
   • https://doi.org…pnas.1620043114